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Cold-Food Powder () or Five Minerals Powder () was a poisonous psychoactive drug popular during the Six Dynasties (220-589) and Tang Dynasty (618-907) periods of China. ==Terminology== Both Chinese names ''hanshisan'' and ''wushisan'' have the suffix ''-san'' (散, lit. "fall apart; scattered"), which means "medicine in powdered form" in Traditional Chinese medicine. ''Wushi'' (lit. "five rock") refers to the component mineral drugs, typically: fluorite, quartz, red bole clay, stalactite, and sulfur. ''Hanshi'' (lit. "cold food") refers to eating cold foods and bathing in cold water to counteract the drug-induced hyperthermia produced by the pyretic powder. ''Hanshi'' can also refer to the traditional Chinese holiday ''Hanshi jie'' (寒食節 "Cold Food Festival"), three days in early April when lighting a fire is prohibited and only cold foods are eaten. ''Xingsan'' (行散, lit. "walk powder"), meaning "walking after having taken a powder" (tr. Mather 1976:19, cf. walk off), was a therapeutic practice believed to circulate poisonous inorganic drug throughout the body, thus enhancing the psychoactive effects and preventing side effects. Mather (1976:20) claims the practice of ''xingsan'' "to walk a powder" was adopted from Xian Daoism, the "Immortality Cult" of the late Han period. Although some authors transliterate the Chinese terms 五石散 and 寒食散 (e.g., ''han-shih san'' Sailey 1978), many translate them. Compare these renderings of ''wushisan'' and/or ''hanshisan'': *powder of the five minerals & swallowed-cold powder (Needham and Lu 1974) *five-mineral powder & cold-food powder (Mather 1976, Akahori 1989) *Five-Stone Powder & Eat-Cold Powder (Schipper 1993) *Five-mineral-powder (Huang and Zürcher 1995) *Five minerals powder & Powder to take with cold food (Obringer 1995) *Cold Food powder (Declercq 1998) *five-mineral-powder (Spiro 1990, McMahon 2002) *cold eating powder (Dikköter et al. 2004) *Cold Food Powder (Kohn 2008) *Five Minerals Powder & Cold-Food Powder (Englehardt 2008) *Cold-Food Powder (Richter 2011) Minor differences in capitalization and hyphenation generally account for these English variants. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cold-Food Powder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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